Enable S5 in ACRN¶

Introduction¶

S5 is one of the ACPI sleep states that refers to the system being shut down (although some power may still be supplied to certain devices). In this document, S5 means the function to shut down the User VMs, the Service VM, the hypervisor, and the hardware. In most cases, directly shutting down the power of a computer system is not advisable because it can damage some components. It can cause corruption and put the system in an unknown or unstable state. On ACRN, the User VM must be shut down before powering off the Service VM. Especially for some use cases, where User VMs could be used in industrial control or other high safety requirement environment, a graceful system shutdown such as the ACRN S5 function is required.

S5 Architecture¶

ACRN provides a mechanism to trigger the S5 state transition throughout the system. It uses a vUART channel to communicate between the Service and User VMs. The diagram below shows the overall architecture:

Figure 58 S5 overall architecture¶

Scenario I:

The User VM’s serial port device (ttySn) is emulated in the Device Model, the channel from the Service VM to the User VM:

$digraph G { node [shape=plaintext fontsize=12]; graph [rankdir=LR]; subgraph cluster_0 { node [shape=box]; label="PTY" "Master" -> "Slave" [dir=both arrowsize=.5]; } "ACRN-DM" -> "Master" [arrowsize=.5]; "Slave" -> "User VM:/dev/ttyS1" [arrowsize=.5]; }$
Scenario II:

The User VM’s (like RT-Linux or other RT-VMs) serial port device (ttySn) is emulated in the Hypervisor, the channel from the Service OS to the User VM:

Initiate a system S5 from within a User VM (e.g. HMI)¶

As in Figure 56, a request to Service VM initiates the shutdown flow. This could come from a User VM, most likely the HMI (Windows or user-friendly Linux). When a human operator click to initiate the flow, the lifecycle_mgr in it will send the request via vUART to the lifecycle manager in the Service VM which in turn acknowledge the request and trigger the following flow.

Note

The User VM need to be authorized to be able to request a Shutdown, this is achieved by adding “--pm_notify_channel uart,allow_trigger_s5” in the launch script of that VM. And, there is only one VM in the system can be configured to request a shutdown. If there is a second User VM launched with “--pm_notify_channel uart,allow_trigger_s5”, ACRN will stop launching it and throw out below error message: initiate a connection on a socket error create socket to connect life-cycle manager failed

Trigger the User VM’s S5¶

On the Service VM side, it uses the acrnctl tool to trigger the User VM’s S5 flow: acrnctl stop user-vm-name. Then, the Device Model sends a shutdown command to the User VM through a channel. If the User VM receives the command, it will send an “ACK” to the Device Model. It is the Service VM’s responsibility to check if the User VMs shut down successfully or not, and decides when to power off itself.

User VM “Lifecycle Manager”¶

As part of the current S5 reference design, a lifecycle manager daemon (life_mngr) runs in the User VM to implement S5. It waits for the command from the Service VM on the paired serial port. The simple protocol between the Service VM and User VM is as follows: When the daemon receives shutdown, it sends “ACKed” to the Service VM; then it can power off the User VM. If the User VM is not ready to power off, it can ignore the shutdown command.

Enable S5¶

The procedure for enabling S5 is specific to the particular OS:

For Linux (LaaG) or Windows (WaaG), refer to the following configurations in the devicemodel/samples/nuc/launch_uos.sh launch script for acrn-dm.

Code Block 1 LaaG/WaaG launch script¶

#for memsize setting
mem_size=2048M

acrn-dm -A -m $mem_size -s 0:0,hostbridge \
  -s 2,pci-gvt -G "$2" \
  -s 5,virtio-console,@stdio:stdio_port \
  -s 6,virtio-hyper_dmabuf \
  -s 3,virtio-blk,/home/clear/uos/uos.img \
  -s 4,virtio-net,tap0 \
  -s 7,virtio-rnd \
  --ovmf /usr/share/acrn/bios/OVMF.fd \
  $logger_setting \
  --mac_seed $mac_seed \
  $vm_name
}

#add following cmdline to grub.cfg and update kernel
#when launching LaaG by OVMF
#rw rootwait maxcpus=1 nohpet console=tty0 console=hvc0
#console=ttyS0 no_timer_check ignore_loglevel

For RT-Linux, refer to the devicemodel/samples/nuc/launch_hard_rt_vm.sh script:

Code Block 2 RT-Linux launch script¶

/usr/bin/acrn-dm -A -m $mem_size -s 0:0,hostbridge \
   --lapic_pt \
   --rtvm \
   --virtio_poll 1000000 \
   -U 495ae2e5-2603-4d64-af76-d4bc5a8ec0e5 \
   -s 2,passthru,02/0/0 \
   -s 3,virtio-console,@stdio:stdio_port \
   --ovmf /usr/share/acrn/bios/OVMF.fd \
   hard_rtvm

}

# -s 2,passthru,0/17/0 \ #please using "lspci -nn" check the bdf info

# Depends on which partation RT_LaaG is installed in;maybe need to change
# /dev/nvme0n1p3 to /dev/sda3 on NUC and uncomment SATA pass-through

Note

For RT-Linux, the vUART is emulated in the hypervisor; expose the node as /dev/ttySn.

For LaaG and RT-Linux VMs, run the lifecycle manager daemon:

Use these commands to build the lifecycle manager daemon, life_mngr.
```
$ cd acrn-hypervisor/misc/life_mngr
$ make life_mngr
```

Copy life_mngr and life_mngr.service into the User VM:

$ scp life_mngr root@<test board address>:/usr/bin/life_mngr
$ scp life_mngr.service root@<test board address>:/lib/systemd/system/life_mngr.service

Use the below commands to enable life_mngr.service and restart the User VM.

# chmod +x /usr/bin/life_mngr
# systemctl enable life_mngr.service
# reboot

For the WaaG VM, run the lifecycle manager daemon:
1. Build the life_mngr_win.exe application:
```
$ cd acrn-hypervisor/misc
$ make life_mngr
```
  Note
  
  If there is no x86_64-w64-mingw32-gcc compiler, you can run sudo apt install gcc-mingw-w64-x86-64 on Ubuntu to install it.
2. Set up a Windows environment:
  1. Download the Visual Studio 2019 tool from https://visualstudio.microsoft.com/downloads/, and choose the two options in the below screenshots to install “Microsoft Visual C++ Redistributable for Visual Studio 2015, 2017 and 2019 (x86 or X64)” in WaaG:
  2. In WaaG, use the Windows + R shortcut key, input shell:startup, click OK and then copy the life_mngr_win.exe application into this directory.
3. Restart the WaaG VM. The COM2 window will automatically open after reboot.
If the Service VM is being shut down (transitioning to the S5 state), it can call acrnctl stop vm-name to shut down the User VMs.

Note

S5 state is not automatically triggered by a Service VM shutdown; this needs to be run before powering off the Service VM.

How to Test¶

As described in Enable vUART Configurations, two vUARTs are defined in pre-defined ACRN scenarios: vUART0/ttyS0 for the console and vUART1/ttyS1 for S5-related communication (as shown in S5 overall architecture).

For Yocto Project (Poky) or Ubuntu rootfs, the serial-getty service for ttyS1 conflicts with the S5-related communication use of vUART1. We can eliminate the conflict by preventing that service from being started either automatically or manually, by masking the service using this command
systemctl mask serial-getty@ttyS1.service

Refer to the Enable S5 section to set up the S5 environment for the User VMs.

Note

RT-Linux’s UUID must use 495ae2e5-2603-4d64-af76-d4bc5a8ec0e5. Also, the industry EFI image is required for launching the RT-Linux VM.
Note

Use the systemctl status life_mngr.service command to ensure the service is working on the LaaG or RT-Linux:
```
* life_mngr.service - ACRN lifemngr daemon
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/life_mngr.service; enabled; vendor p>
Active: active (running) since Tue 2019-09-10 07:15:06 UTC; 1min 11s ago
Main PID: 840 (life_mngr)
```
Note

For WaaG, we need to close windbg by using the bcdedit /set debug off command IF you executed the bcdedit /set debug on when you set up the WaaG, because it occupies the COM2.
Use the acrnctl stop command on the Service VM to trigger S5 to the User VMs:
```
# acrnctl stop vm1
```
Use the acrnctl list command to check the User VM status.
```
# acrnctl list
vm1               stopped
```

System Shutdown¶

Using a coordinating script, misc/life_mngr/s5_trigger.sh, in conjunction with the lifecycle manager in each VM, graceful system shutdown can be performed.

Note

Please install s5_trigger.sh manually to root’s home directory.

$ sudo install -p -m 0755 -t ~root misc/life_mngr/s5_trigger.sh

In the hybrid_rt scenario, the script can send a shutdown command via ttyS1 in the Service VM, which is connected to ttyS1 in the pre-launched VM. The lifecycle manager in the pre-launched VM receives the shutdown command, sends an ack message, and proceeds to shut itself down accordingly.

Figure 59 Graceful system shutdown flow¶

The HMI Windows Guest uses the lifecycle manager to send a shutdown request to the Service VM
The lifecycle manager in the Service VM responds with an ack message and executes s5_trigger.sh
After receiving the ack message, the lifecycle manager in the HMI Windows Guest shuts down the guest
The s5_trigger.sh script in the Service VM shuts down the Linux Guest by using acrnctl to send a shutdown request
After receiving the shutdown request, the lifecycle manager in the Linux Guest responds with an ack message and shuts down the guest
The s5_trigger.sh script in the Service VM shuts down the Pre-launched RTVM by sending a shutdown request to its ttyS1
After receiving the shutdown request, the lifecycle manager in the Pre-launched RTVM responds with an ack message
The lifecycle manager in the Pre-launched RTVM shuts down the guest using standard PM registers
After receiving the ack message, the s5_trigger.sh script in the Service VM shuts down the Service VM
The hypervisor shuts down the system after all of its guests have shut down