Power Management high-level design

P-state/C-state management

ACPI Px/Cx data

CPU P-state/C-state are controlled by the guest OS. The ACPI P/C-state driver relies on some P/C-state-related ACPI data in the guest ACPI table.

SOS could run ACPI driver with no problem because it can access native the ACPI table. For UOS though, we need to prepare the corresponding ACPI data for Device Model to build virtual ACPI table.

The Px/Cx data includes four ACPI objects: _PCT, _PPC, and _PSS for P-state management, and _CST for C-state management. All these ACPI data must be consistent with the native data because the control method is a kind of pass through.

These ACPI objects data are parsed by an offline tool and hard-coded in a Hypervisor module named CPU state table:

struct cpu_px_data {
    uint64_t core_frequency;        /* megahertz */
    uint64_t power;                 /* milliWatts */
    uint64_t transition_latency;    /* microseconds */
    uint64_t bus_master_latency;    /* microseconds */
    uint64_t control;               /* control value */
    uint64_t status;                /* success indicator */
} __attribute__((aligned(8)));

struct acpi_generic_address {
    uint8_t     space_id;
    uint8_t     bit_width;
    uint8_t     bit_offset;
    uint8_t     access_size;
    uint64_t    address;
} __attribute__((aligned(8)));

struct cpu_cx_data {
    struct acpi_generic_address cx_reg;
    uint8_t     type;
    uint32_t    latency;
    uint64_t    power;
} __attribute__((aligned(8)));

With these Px/Cx data, the Hypervisor is able to intercept guest’s P/C-state requests with desired restrictions.

Virtual ACPI table build flow

Figure 202 shows how to build virtual ACPI table with Px/Cx data for UOS P/C-state management:

Figure 202 System block for building vACPI table with Px/Cx data

Some ioctl APIs are defined for Device model to query Px/Cx data from SOS VHM. The Hypervisor needs to provide hypercall APIs to transit Px/Cx data from CPU state table to SOS VHM.

The build flow is:

1. Use offline tool (e.g. iasl) to parse the Px/Cx data and hard-code to CPU state table in Hypervisor. Hypervisor loads the data after system boot up.
2. Before UOS launching, Device mode queries the Px/Cx data from SOS VHM via ioctl interface.
3. VHM transmits the query request to Hypervisor by hypercall.
4. Hypervisor returns the Px/Cx data.
5. Device model builds the virtual ACPI table with these Px/Cx data

Intercept Policy

Hypervisor should be able to restrict guest’s P/C-state request, with a user-customized policy.

Hypervisor should intercept guest P-state request and validate whether it is a valid P-state. Any invalid P-state (e.g. doesn’t exist in CPU state table) should be rejected.

It is better not to intercept C-state request because the trap would impact both power and performance.

Note

For P-state control you should pay attention to SoC core voltage domain design when doing P-state measurement. The highest P-state would win if different P-state requests on the cores shared same voltage domain. In this case APERF/MPERF must be used to see what P-state was granted on that core.

S3/S5

ACRN assumes guest has complete S3/S5 power state management and follows the ACPI standard exactly. System S3/S5 needs to follow well-defined enter/exit paths and cooperate among different components.

System low power state enter process

Each time, when OSPM of UOS starts power state transition, it will finally write the ACPI register per ACPI spec requirement. With help of ACRN I/O emulation framework, the UOS ACPI register writing will be dispatched to Device Model and Device Model will emulate the UOS power state (pause UOS VM for S3 and power off UOS VM for S5)

The VM Manager monitors all UOS. If all active UOSes are in required power state, VM Manager will notify OSPM of SOS to start SOS power state transition. OSPM of SOS follows a very similar process as UOS for power state transition. The difference is SOS ACPI register writing is trapped to ACRN HV. And ACRN HV will emulate SOS power state (pause SOS VM for S3 and no special action for S5)

Once SOS low power state is done, ACRN HV will go through its own low power state enter path.

The whole system is finally put into low power state.

System low power state exit process

The low power state exit process is in reverse order. The ACRN hypervisor is woken up at first. It will go through its own low power state exit path. Then ACRN hypervisor will resume the SOS to let SOS go through SOS low power state exit path. After that, the DM is resumed and let UOS go through UOS low power state exit path. The system is resumed to running state after at least one UOS is resumed to running state.

Figure 203 shows the flow of low power S3 enter/exit process (S5 follows very similar process)

Figure 203 ACRN system power management workflow

For system power state entry:

1. UOS OSPM start UOS S3 entry
2. The UOS S3 entering request is trapped ACPI PM Device of DM
3. DM pauses UOS VM to emulate UOS S3 and notifies VM Manager that the UOS dedicated to it is in S3
4. If all UOSes are in S3, VM Manager will notify OSPM of SOS
5. SOS OSPM starts SOS S3 enter
6. SOS S3 entering request is trapped to Sx Agency in ACRN HV
7. ACRN HV pauses SOS VM to emulate SOS S3 and starts ACRN HV S3 entry.

For system power state exit:

1. When system is resumed from S3, native bootloader will jump to wake up vector of HV
2. HV resumes S3 and jumps to wake up vector to emulate SOS resume from S3
3. OSPM of SOS is running
4. OSPM of SOS notifies VM Manager that it’s ready to wake up UOS
5. VM Manager will notify DM to resume the UOS
6. DM resets the UOS VM to emulate UOS resume from S3

According to ACPI standard, S3 is mapped to suspend to RAM and S5 is mapped to shutdown. So the S5 process is a little different:

• UOS enters S3 -> UOS powers off
• System enters S3 -> System powers off
• System resumes From S3 -> System fresh start
• UOS resumes from S3 -> UOS fresh startup